A free radical reaction involving an alkene typically refers to a reaction where a radical species (a molecule or atom with an unpaired electron) reacts with an alkene to form a new product. One common example of such a reaction is the addition of a halogen to an alkene, known as halogenation.
In halogenation, a halogen molecule (such as chlorine or
bromine) breaks its covalent bond to form two halogen radicals. One of these
halogen radicals then reacts with the alkene, forming a new carbon-halogen bond
and generating an alkyl radical. The alkyl radical can then react with another
halogen molecule to produce the final product.
When an alkene containing a tertiary hydrogen (a hydrogen
atom bonded to a tertiary carbon atom) undergoes a free radical reaction, it
can result in the formation of alkyl radicals and subsequent radical
rearrangements. One common example is the reaction known as tertiary hydrogen
abstraction.
In this reaction, a radical species abstracts a hydrogen
atom from the tertiary carbon of the alkene, creating an alkyl radical and
leaving behind a radical species on the alkene. The alkyl radical can then
participate in various reactions depending on the reaction conditions and the
nature of the radical species present.
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